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Brush up on filters

Martin Rowe, Senior Technical Editor -- Test & Measurement World, 10/1/2003

Filters find widespread use in data-acquisition systems because they remove frequencies that can alias into your measurements. A design guide from Frequency Devices can refresh your memory on filter theory and on how to choose a filter. From the guide, you'll learn how to calculate the responses of the most popular filter types: Butterworth, Bessel, Chebychev, and Cauer. Through Bode and S-plane plots, the guide shows you the responses of each filter type. Transfer functions show you how to calculate a filter's poles and zeros.

Elliptic and Chebychev filters roll off more sharply than butterworth filters, but they show ripple in the stop band.

The paper devotes a great deal of its space to these filters and why you need them in digitizing applications to prevent aliasing of signals with frequencies at or above the Nyquist frequency. The paper also discusses sin X/X reconstruction filters, which are often used in the display of a sampled signal. These filters, common in oscilloscopes and data-acquisition systems, introduce errors when the input signal's frequency approaches the filter's cutoff frequency.

The guide also discusses how digital filters can separate wanted signals from unwanted signals. It doesn't, however, show you examples of how to design analog and digital filters. You'll need a textbook or a more extensive design guide for that.

To download a copy in PDF format or to view the guide in HTML format, visit www.freqdev.com/guide.

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