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  • FireWire battles the wall warts

    March 17, 2009

    FireWire is the greenest interface, according to a paper subtitled “Saving Energy Using the IEEE 1394 Standard,” by consultant William Rose and issued by the 1394 Trade Association. How’s that, you say? Rose makes two key points: FireWire eliminates the inefficiencies of linear-power-supply wall warts (your computer’s switching supply becomes the charger for your cell phone or the power supply for your external disk drive), and FireWire’s use can reduce the millions wall warts that end up in landfills each year.

    He writes, “Obviously, eliminating the need to ship a wall wart with each product can eliminate a lot of waste. In 2008 alone, 3.2 billion external power supplies were manufactured worldwide, with 737 million external power supplies shipped to the US. Moreover, 434 million external power supplies will be retired in the US alone and only 12.6% of them will be recycled, leaving 379 million external power supplies going into landfills.”

    What about USB? Says Rose, “Devices powered over USB are limited to 2.5 W (0.5 A at 5 V) per USB port. FireWire can provide up to 45 W.” He makes the additional point that FireWire’s faster transfer rate allows external drives to spend more time efficiently idling, and he contends that USB overhead requires more CPU cycles than does FireWire.

    He does undercut his message somewhat by equating energy with power. For example, he writes that wall warts “…use from 5.2 to 8.3 W (42 to 68 mA at 122 V) with nothing connected to them. Most users leave them plugged in all the time, which means they are using up to 73 kW per year per device, equivalent to 100 kg of CO2 or driving your car 100 miles.” It should be 73 kW-hrs, not 73 kW. He makes a similar error in his Table 1 where he equates petajoules with kilowatts.

    In any event, I’m all for minimizing the losses from linear-regulator wall warts and keeping them from landfills. But is it practical to eliminate them? I might want to travel with my cell phone without having to lug my laptop along to charge it.

    What do you think?

    Posted by Rick Nelson on March 17, 2009 | Comments (16)
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  • April 1, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    Steve U commented:

    The linear wall wart is pretty much extinct already. Most of my gadgets use tiny switch mode wall warts or fat snakes, not only for the efficiency but for the cost and universal input (100-240VAC). If you want to promote firewire, the best thing about it is the standardized device control protocols. USB power is being stretched. Ipods and my Zune actually will use up to about 7 watts, which it does get from many USB wall warts. The power is limited for safety reasons that apply to firewire just as well. It’s a mater of discretion and maybe connector design. As someone else pointed out, USB power is limited for the sake of the PC. USB Y-cords to boost the power are not uncommon, the point being that using a PC as a power source would be like hauling freight in your sports car.


    March 30, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    NevD commented:

    Most laptops have a 4-pin Firewire port (no power) and have to be externally supplied with power when connecting to a camera. The 45W max power is probably used for industrial cameras which often have firewire ports.


    March 23, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    Green One commented:

    What is needed is a power supply that detects the load. When the load is not connected, the power supply turns off the primary side and puts a micro-processor in sleep mode. Periodictly the micro-processor wakes and tests for the load. If the load is found then primary is energized and the load receives power.


    March 19, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    Wally Wart commented:

    So we should use FireWire because it is more energy efficient? Seems like a huge stretch....and that ship has already sailed. But I would like to minimize the number of wall warts in my life....standardization is the way to accomplish that.


    March 18, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    arclight commented:

    I'd be very happy to see a "universal" DC interface (I'm voting for 13.8 VDC, same as what's in most automobiles) supplied through a switchmode supply that has some DECENT noise filtering. I'm really, really tired of seeing wall warts and other junk come in the country with no filtering of switchmode noise. As of now, the filtering components are designed in, and are shipped installed in the units submitted for FCC tests, and then can be (and are in some cases) omitted from the production models. As clock speeds continue to increase, the problem of radiated trash only gets worse.


    March 18, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    arclight commented:

    I'd be very happy to see a "universal" DC interface (I'm voting for 13.8 VDC, same as what's in most automobiles) supplied through a switchmode supply that has some DECENT noise filtering. I'm really, really tired of seeing wall warts and other junk come in the country with no filtering of switchmode noise. As of now, the filtering components are designed in, and are shipped installed in the units submitted for FCC tests, and then can be (and are in some cases) omitted from the production models. As clock speeds continue to increase, the problem of radiated trash only gets worse.


    March 17, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    Ben commented:

    FireWire offers 45W on the port? Do PCs and laptops even support that much current on such a tiny connector!? My laptop power supply is 65W or 90W, depending on where I am. What would possibly need 45W over FireWire? 2.5W over USB is even quite a bit for a phone. Sure, I could charge my phone in 30 minutes, but would that be safe? If I short the USB connector on my laptop, I get a notification that a port exceeded its power limit. No smoke, no crash from a power drop. 500mA is a good level to limit at. Now, try shorting a 45W supply. Will the traces on my laptop's motherboard be able to handle it? My guess would be that I would end up spending the next 2 hours of my life with the warrenty department...


    March 17, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    Ben commented:

    FireWire offers 45W on the port? Do PCs and laptops even support that much current on such a tiny connector!? My laptop power supply is 65W or 90W, depending on where I am. What would possibly need 45W over FireWire? 2.5W over USB is even quite a bit for a phone. Sure, I could charge my phone in 30 minutes, but would that be safe? If I short the USB connector on my laptop, I get a notification that a port exceeded its power limit. No smoke, no crash from a power drop. 500mA is a good level to limit at. Now, try shorting a 45W supply. Will the traces on my laptop's motherboard be able to handle it? My guess would be that I would end up spending the next 2 hours of my life with the warrenty department...


    March 17, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    Brad Wood commented:

    If the loads involved require only relatively low-duty-cycle power, the strategies described in my patent US 6178514 can be used to get much higher short-term power out of a limited bus standard like USB. With still higher continuous power available from 1394 and POE, similarly even greater peak powers can be realized. PS: Despite appearances due to a USPTO error, -514 is wholly assigned to Harman International Industries Inc., who should be contacted by those interested in licensing


    March 17, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    wall wart option commented:

    (previous submittal cut off) Best thing going is on my replacement power supply for my laptop. Although I HATE the universal plugs, my Belkin replacement power supply has a USB plug for recharging my iPod or cell phone. No need for a wall wart or to keep my laptop computer on. (go ahead - burst my bubble. Tell me that the replacement is no better than a wall wart!)


    March 17, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    alternate wall wart option commented:

    Best thing going is on my replacement power supply for my laptop. Although I HATE "


    March 17, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    Dave commented:

    Interesting article, but desktop computers are becoming less common. I would love to see a standardized DC power interface, similar to the ubiquitous 120v AC interface we have today. It could be backed by a switching converter which is turned on only when a device is plugged in. At any rate, getting rid of those wall warts would be a step in the right direction.


    March 17, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    wrm commented:

    Or just make them all standard for a start. One wart to share charging my phone, ipod, my wifes phone, my kids ipods. my wifes GPS, etc. (ok with kids maybe need two) but not one with each device !!


    March 17, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    Mrk commented:

    Then travel problem will be solved by ONE wall-wart to Firewire adapter for all your devices


    March 17, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    Srg commented:

    I have a gen one iPod. The charger is a wall wart with a firewire connection. My choice - computer or direct.


    March 17, 2009
    In response to: FireWire battles the wall warts
    Greg commented:

    Even given the efficiency of switching converters, it’s probably wasteful to charge my cell phone using my desktop computer when I would have otherwise shut it off.

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